Some people call it features, some people call it elements....
The highlighted area are the scopes, the bulleted area are the "allowed" features that can be deployed based on the scope.
Web (Web site)
* Control
* Custom Action
* Custom Action Group
* Hide Custom Action
* List Instance
* List Template
* Module (File Set)
* Receiver
Site (site collection)
* Content Type
* Content Type Binding
* Control
* Custom Action
* Custom Action Group
* Feature/Site Template Association
* Field
* Hide Custom Action
* List Template
* Module (File Set)
* Workflow
WebApplication (Web application)
* Control
* Custom Action
* Custom Action Group
* Document Converter
* Feature/Site Template Association
* Hide Custom Action
Farm (farm)
* Control
* Custom Action
* Custom Action Group
* Feature/Site Template Association
* Hide Custom Action
those that you see can be reffered to msdn